Is the government running a surplus or a deficit?
General government net lending (+) or net borrowing (−) as a share of GDP, from the IMF World Economic Outlook. Positive is a surplus, negative a deficit. Recent years may be IMF estimates.
IMF — World Economic Outlook GGXCNL_NGDP · 1980–2024
As of 2024, Nauru is highest at 28.9%, and Timor-Leste lowest at -47.0%; the median across 197 countries is -2.5%.
Highest (latest) 28.9% Nauru · 2024
Lowest (latest) -47.0% Timor-Leste · 2024
Countries 197 % of GDP
Search, pin & compare over time
United StatesChina, People's Republic ofIndiaGermany
| # | Country | % of GDP | As of | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pinned | ||||
| 101 | Germany | -2.7% | ||
| 174 | China, People's Republic of | -7.1% | ||
| 181 | India | -7.9% | ||
| 182 | United States | -7.9% | ||
| All countries | ||||
| 1 | Nauru | 28.9% | ||
| 2 | Kuwait | 26.0% | ||
| 3 | Norway | 12.8% | ||
| 4 | South Sudan, Republic of | 11.5% | ||
| 5 | Samoa | 9.3% | ||
| 6 | Lesotho | 8.2% | ||
| 7 | Haiti | 7.0% | ||
| 8 | Macao SAR | 7.0% | ||
| 9 | Grenada | 6.9% | ||
| 10 | United Arab Emirates | 6.4% | ||
| 11 | Denmark | 4.5% | ||
| 12 | Azerbaijan | 4.1% | ||
| 13 | Cyprus | 4.1% | ||
| 14 | Ireland | 4.0% | ||
| 15 | Singapore | 3.8% | ||
| 16 | Aruba | 3.7% | ||
| 17 | Congo, Republic of | 3.6% | ||
| 18 | Tonga | 3.6% | ||
| 19 | Oman | 3.2% | ||
| 20 | Liechtenstein | 3.0% | ||
| 21 | Andorra | 2.8% | ||
| 22 | Eritrea | 2.7% | 2019 | |
| 23 | Marshall Islands | 2.6% | ||
| 24 | Lao P.D.R. | 2.4% | ||
| 25 | Nicaragua | 2.3% | ||
| 26 | Micronesia, Fed. States of | 1.7% | ||
| 27 | Kyrgyz Republic | 1.7% | ||
| 28 | Antigua and Barbuda | 1.6% | ||
| 29 | Mongolia | 1.4% | ||
| 30 | Greece | 1.2% | ||
| 31 | Palau | 1.2% | ||
| 32 | Luxembourg | 0.9% | ||
| 33 | São Tomé and Príncipe | 0.9% | ||
| 34 | Qatar | 0.7% | ||
| 35 | Argentina | 0.5% | ||
| 36 | Belarus | 0.5% | ||
| 37 | Switzerland | 0.5% | ||
| 38 | Portugal | 0.5% | ||
| 39 | Lebanon | 0.4% | ||
| 40 | San Marino | 0.4% | ||
| 41 | Tajikistan | 0.3% | ||
| 42 | Jamaica | 0.2% | ||
| 43 | Somalia | 0.2% | ||
| 44 | Yemen | 0.1% | ||
| 45 | Turkmenistan | -0.1% | ||
| 46 | Kosovo | -0.3% | ||
| 47 | Afghanistan | -0.5% | ||
| 48 | Puerto Rico | -0.5% | ||
| 49 | Equatorial Guinea | -0.6% | ||
| 50 | Albania | -0.7% | ||
| 51 | Seychelles | -0.7% | ||
| 52 | Barbados | -0.8% | ||
| 53 | Korea, Republic of | -0.8% | ||
| 54 | Zimbabwe | -0.8% | ||
| 55 | Netherlands | -0.9% | ||
| 56 | Slovenia | -0.9% | ||
| 57 | Guatemala | -1.0% | ||
| 58 | Cabo Verde | -1.1% | ||
| 59 | Honduras | -1.1% | ||
| 60 | Eswatini | -1.1% | ||
| 61 | Angola | -1.2% | ||
| 62 | Bahamas, The | -1.2% | ||
| 63 | Ecuador | -1.3% | ||
| 64 | Lithuania | -1.3% | ||
| 65 | Nigeria | -1.3% | ||
| 66 | Thailand | -1.3% | ||
| 67 | Cambodia | -1.4% | ||
| 68 | Mauritania | -1.4% | ||
| 69 | Belize | -1.5% | ||
| 70 | Cameroon | -1.5% | ||
| 71 | Estonia | -1.5% | ||
| 72 | Sweden | -1.5% | ||
| 73 | Taiwan Province of China | -1.5% | ||
| 74 | Vietnam | -1.5% | ||
| 75 | Russian Federation | -1.6% | ||
| 76 | Congo, Dem. Rep. of the | -1.7% | ||
| 77 | Japan | -1.7% | ||
| 78 | Latvia | -1.7% | ||
| 79 | Serbia | -1.7% | ||
| 80 | Bhutan | -1.8% | ||
| 81 | Liberia | -1.8% | ||
| 82 | Saint Lucia | -1.8% | ||
| 83 | Croatia | -1.9% | ||
| 84 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | -2.0% | ||
| 85 | Czech Republic | -2.0% | ||
| 86 | Ethiopia | -2.0% | ||
| 87 | Chad | -2.0% | ||
| 88 | Canada | -2.1% | ||
| 89 | Paraguay | -2.1% | ||
| 90 | Solomon Islands | -2.1% | ||
| 91 | Mali | -2.2% | ||
| 92 | Uzbekistan | -2.2% | ||
| 93 | Australia | -2.3% | ||
| 94 | Georgia | -2.3% | ||
| 95 | Indonesia | -2.3% | ||
| 96 | Madagascar | -2.5% | ||
| 97 | Nepal | -2.5% | ||
| 98 | Saudi Arabia | -2.5% | ||
| 99 | Vanuatu | -2.5% | ||
| 100 | Comoros | -2.7% | ||
| 102 | Djibouti | -2.7% | ||
| 103 | Iran | -2.7% | ||
| 104 | Chile | -2.8% | ||
| 105 | Bulgaria | -3.0% | ||
| 106 | Tanzania | -3.0% | ||
| 107 | West Bank and Gaza | -3.0% | ||
| 108 | Benin | -3.1% | ||
| 109 | Dominican Republic | -3.1% | ||
| 110 | Spain | -3.2% | ||
| 111 | New Zealand | -3.2% | ||
| 112 | Uruguay | -3.2% | ||
| 113 | Gabon | -3.3% | ||
| 114 | Papua New Guinea | -3.3% | ||
| 115 | Fiji | -3.4% | ||
| 116 | Italy | -3.4% | ||
| 117 | Kazakhstan | -3.4% | ||
| 118 | Montenegro | -3.4% | ||
| 119 | Malaysia | -3.4% | ||
| 120 | Suriname | -3.4% | ||
| 121 | Tuvalu | -3.4% | ||
| 122 | Iraq | -3.5% | ||
| 123 | Malta | -3.5% | ||
| 124 | Peru | -3.5% | ||
| 125 | Sudan | -3.5% | ||
| 126 | Zambia | -3.5% | ||
| 127 | Armenia | -3.7% | ||
| 128 | Bangladesh | -3.7% | ||
| 129 | Costa Rica | -3.7% | ||
| 130 | Iceland | -3.7% | ||
| 131 | Venezuela | -3.7% | ||
| 132 | Namibia | -3.8% | ||
| 133 | Morocco | -3.9% | ||
| 134 | Uganda | -3.9% | ||
| 135 | Côte d'Ivoire | -4.0% | ||
| 136 | Gambia, The | -4.0% | ||
| 137 | Moldova | -4.0% | ||
| 138 | Myanmar | -4.1% | ||
| 139 | Niger | -4.3% | ||
| 140 | Belgium | -4.4% | ||
| 141 | Finland | -4.4% | ||
| 142 | North Macedonia | -4.4% | ||
| 143 | Philippines | -4.4% | ||
| 144 | El Salvador | -4.5% | ||
| 145 | Türkiye, Republic of | -4.5% | ||
| 146 | Austria | -4.7% | ||
| 147 | Burundi | -4.8% | ||
| 148 | Hungary | -4.9% | ||
| 149 | Central African Republic | -5.0% | ||
| 150 | Guinea | -5.0% | ||
| 151 | Sierra Leone | -5.2% | ||
| 152 | Sri Lanka | -5.4% | ||
| 153 | Slovak Republic | -5.5% | ||
| 154 | Kenya | -5.7% | ||
| 155 | South Africa | -5.7% | ||
| 156 | Burkina Faso | -5.8% | ||
| 157 | France | -5.8% | ||
| 158 | Hong Kong SAR | -5.8% | ||
| 159 | Mexico | -5.8% | ||
| 160 | Trinidad and Tobago | -5.9% | ||
| 161 | Colombia | -6.0% | ||
| 162 | United Kingdom | -6.1% | ||
| 163 | Brazil | -6.2% | ||
| 164 | Ghana | -6.2% | ||
| 165 | Mozambique | -6.2% | ||
| 166 | Panama | -6.2% | ||
| 167 | Rwanda | -6.2% | ||
| 168 | Tunisia | -6.4% | ||
| 169 | Poland | -6.5% | ||
| 170 | Dominica | -6.8% | ||
| 171 | Mauritius | -6.8% | ||
| 172 | Pakistan | -6.8% | ||
| 173 | Togo | -6.8% | ||
| 175 | Egypt | -7.1% | ||
| 176 | Botswana | -7.3% | ||
| 177 | Guinea-Bissau | -7.3% | ||
| 178 | Guyana | -7.3% | ||
| 179 | Jordan | -7.3% | ||
| 180 | Syria | -7.8% | 2010 | |
| 183 | Israel | -8.1% | ||
| 184 | Bolivia | -8.7% | ||
| 185 | Romania | -8.7% | ||
| 186 | Bahrain | -11.0% | ||
| 187 | Malawi | -11.0% | ||
| 188 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | -11.3% | ||
| 189 | Maldives | -11.6% | ||
| 190 | Brunei Darussalam | -12.9% | ||
| 191 | Senegal | -13.4% | ||
| 192 | Algeria | -13.8% | ||
| 193 | Kiribati | -14.1% | ||
| 194 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | -16.0% | ||
| 195 | Ukraine | -17.2% | ||
| 196 | Libya | -25.9% | ||
| 197 | Timor-Leste | -47.0% | ||